Oral & Oropharyngeal Cancers
Posted on 6/1/2026 by San Tan Oral Surgery |
 Let's talk about something important: cancers that can affect the mouth and throat. It's a topic many people don't think about, but understanding these conditions is key to early detection and better outcomes.
What are Oral and Oropharyngeal Cancers?
Oral cancer refers to cancer that develops in the mouth. This includes the lips, tongue, gums, the lining of the cheeks, the floor of the mouth (under the tongue), and the hard palate (the bony roof of the mouth).
Oropharyngeal cancer, on the other hand, affects the oropharynx. This is the part of the throat right behind the mouth. It includes the base of the tongue, the tonsils, the soft palate (the back part of the roof of the mouth), and the walls of the pharynx (throat).
While they are distinct locations, these cancers are often grouped together because they share many risk factors and similar treatment approaches.
What Causes These Cancers?
Scientists have identified several things that increase your chances of developing these cancers:
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Tobacco Use: Smoking cigarettes, cigars, or pipes, as well as using smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco or snuff), are major risk factors. The longer you use tobacco and the more you use, the higher your risk. |
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Alcohol Consumption: Heavy alcohol consumption, especially when combined with tobacco use, dramatically increases the risk. |
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Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Certain types of HPV, particularly HPV16, are now recognized as a significant cause of oropharyngeal cancers, especially those affecting the tonsils and base of the tongue. HPV-related cancers often occur in younger, non-smokers. |
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Sun Exposure: Prolonged exposure to the sun, especially without protection, can increase the risk of lip cancer. |
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Other Factors: Other potential factors include a weakened immune system, poor nutrition, and genetic predisposition. |
What are the Signs and Symptoms?
Early detection is crucial for successful treatment. Be on the lookout for these potential warning signs:
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A sore in the mouth or throat that doesn't heal within two weeks. |
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A white or red patch on the gums, tongue, tonsil, or lining of the mouth. |
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A lump or thickening in the cheek or neck. |
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Difficulty chewing, swallowing, speaking, or moving the jaw or tongue. |
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A feeling that something is caught in the throat. |
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Numbness or pain in the mouth, tongue, or throat. |
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Hoarseness or a change in voice. |
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Unexplained weight loss. |
It's important to remember that these symptoms can also be caused by other, less serious conditions. However, if you experience any of these symptoms for more than two weeks, it's essential to get it checked out by a healthcare professional.
How are These Cancers Diagnosed?
If a healthcare provider suspects oral or oropharyngeal cancer, they will typically perform a thorough examination of the mouth and throat. They may also order imaging tests, such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRIs, to get a better look at the affected area.
The only way to confirm a diagnosis of cancer is through a biopsy. This involves removing a small tissue sample from the suspicious area and examining it under a microscope.
What Can You Do?
There are several things you can do to lower your risk and protect your oral health:
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Avoid Tobacco: The best way to reduce your risk is to avoid all forms of tobacco. |
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Limit Alcohol: If you drink alcohol, do so in moderation. |
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Get Vaccinated Against HPV: The HPV vaccine can protect against the types of HPV that are most commonly associated with oropharyngeal cancer. |
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Protect Yourself from the Sun: Use lip balm with SPF protection when spending time outdoors. |
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Regular Dental Checkups: Regular dental exams are crucial for early detection. Dentists and oral surgeons are often the first to spot suspicious lesions or abnormalities in the mouth. |
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Self-Exams: Get to know what your mouth normally looks and feels like. Regularly examine your mouth for any changes or abnormalities. |
Understanding oral and oropharyngeal cancers is the first step toward prevention and early detection. By being aware of the risk factors, recognizing the signs and symptoms, and taking proactive steps to protect your oral health, you can significantly improve your chances of staying healthy.
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